![]() ![]() The DW allows for anonymous communication, including recruiting (Weimann, 2016), Terrorist groups may promote their ideas, recruit, exchange expertise, train, shadow economy, fundraise, target, and build communities without regard for geography or even the presence of a local leader (Sonmez & Codal, 2022). The DW’s unregulated and anonymous nature appeals to a variety of malevolent entities, including terrorist organisations and hackers (Gupta et al., 2021). According to a survey by (Squires, 2021) (Sonmez & Codal, 2022) from the University of Portsmouth, DN shadow economy were the second most popular Tor sites. They generally serve as black marketplaces(MPS), selling or brokering transactions involving narcotics (Rawat, Mahor, Rawat, Garg, & Telang, 2021), cyber-arms, guns, counterfeit currencies, stolen credit card information, falsified papers, unlicensed medications, steroids, and other illicit commodities, as well as illegitimate goods. A black shadow economy (Gupta, Maynard, & Ahmad, 2021)(Weimann, 2016)(Tsuchiya & Hiramoto, 2021) (Squires, 2021)(SO¨ NMEZ & Codal, 2022) is a DW commercial site that uses darknet (DN) like Tor or I2P (Gupta et al., 2021)(Weimann, 2016).
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